The exponential growth of the battery industry, particularly that of lithium batteries, on a global and European scale is mainly due to the boom in electro-mobility.

In this context, a new European battery regulation has been announced in 2023, covering both electric vehicle and industrial batteries. This regulation aims to ensure that the entire life cycle of batteries entering the European market is supervised, guaranteeing their safety, promoting their reuse and reinforcing the European Union's strategic independence. The conditions under which materials are extracted, their criticality, their carbon footprint and their end-of-life are major challenges from a strategic and regulatory point of view.